Psychosis training built on research.

PSP began as doctoral research and continues to be updated as the evidence changes.

The curriculum draws from hundreds of published sources. A growing public citation index shows exactly which research supports the training—and how each source was verified.

View the Citation Index
Two women sitting on a couch at eye level, talking calmly, a window and lamp behind them

Built from doctoral research

PSP began as Dr. Cole Dyar’s 2025 applied doctoral project in the DMFT program at National University.

The research was conducted with IRB approval and reviewed by six subject-matter experts with more than 75 years of combined experience.

That work became the foundation for core parts of PSP, including:

  • The Rapid Risk Screen
  • Psychosis-adapted SOLER
  • The six-step de-escalation sequence
  • The Five Pillars crisis model

The doctoral project is archived through ProQuest (32122696).

A bound manuscript lying open on a wooden desk beside an archival binder under a desk lamp

Hundreds of sources support the curriculum

The full PSP curriculum contains roughly 305 unique sources cited throughout the training.

The public citation index currently includes 126 sources that have been individually reviewed and independently verified, appearing in 219 places across the curriculum.

126verified sources
219citation placements
100%of listed DOIs checked through Crossref
1979–2026publication range

The complete curriculum contains additional sources that are still being reviewed and standardized before publication.

Check the Evidence Base

The research behind the training

PSP draws from research across psychosis treatment, crisis intervention, healthcare safety, and professional training.

The evidence base includes research on:

Psychosis and schizophrenia

How psychosis presents, how people experience it, and how clinicians understand symptoms such as delusions and disorganized thinking.

De-escalation

How communication, staff behavior, and the environment can affect agitation, aggression, and coercive interventions.

Risk assessment

Research on suicide risk, violence risk, substance use, and tools used to identify escalating situations.

Treatment and recovery

CBT for psychosis, family interventions, medications, psychosocial care, and community-based treatment.

Crisis response

Research on emergency psychiatric care, Crisis Intervention Teams, community crisis models, restraint, and seclusion.

Workplace violence

Research on violence against healthcare workers, prevention training, reporting, and staff wellbeing.

Explore the Research

We keep older research when it still matters

Current evidence matters, but newer does not always mean better.

PSP regularly reviews the curriculum for recent research while retaining older foundational studies when they remain important to the field.

New sources are added only after they have been verified and connected to the specific part of the curriculum they support.

What this evidence does—and does not—prove

What it shows

A strong evidence base shows that PSP is grounded in published research.

What it does not show

It does not prove that PSP itself reduces injuries, restraints, incidents, or costs.

PSP does not currently make those claims.

An outcomes study is underway to measure whether training changes participant knowledge, confidence, behavior, and facility-level outcomes.

Until sufficient data is available, PSP will not publish outcome or ROI claims.

Certification and outcomes are different

Certification

Passing PSP certification shows that someone has met the requirements of the training.

Depending on the pathway, that may include:

  • Scored exams
  • Required passing scores
  • Written scenarios
  • Skills demonstrations
  • Live evaluations

Those assessments measure whether participants learned the material.

Outcomes

The outcomes study asks a different question: Does that training change what happens in practice?

PSP measures the two separately.

Citation index

The index

Every source added to the curriculum in the August 2026 recency audit, with its DOI, its journal, and the module that uses it. Follow any link and check it.

Where they sit

How these were verified (audit notes)

Recency screens for social-work and psychology accreditation ask that a curriculum's evidence base be current. Meeting that honestly meant adding sources — and adding sources is where fabricated citations enter a curriculum, because a plausible-looking reference is easy to generate and tedious to check.

  1. Candidate sources were proposed against specific claims in specific modules.
  2. Every DOI was then re-resolved independently, against Crossref — the registration agency — rather than against whatever produced the candidate.
  3. Title, first author, year and journal had to match the registered record. Publication years were taken from Crossref, not from the proposal; four online-first drifts were corrected this way.
  4. Each citation's anchor sentence had to appear exactly once in the target module before anything was written, so no citation could attach to the wrong claim.
  5. Placement was normalised to APA and co-located citations merged.

Nothing that failed any step was inserted. No preprints, no retracted work, no unresolved identifiers.

Show all 126 sources
  1. 2026Absolute neutrophil count and adverse drug reaction monitoring during clozapine treatment: consensus guidelines from a global Delphi panelDan Siskind · The Lancet Psychiatry, 2026 · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(25)00098-72.3
  2. 2026Clinical Correlates of Compliance, Appeasement and Resistance in Command Hallucinations: A Systematic ReviewM. Medas · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 2026 · doi:10.1002/cpp.702461.3
  3. 2026Evaluation of the effectiveness of interprofessional education among health professions students: An umbrella reviewAiping Wu · Nurse Education Today, 2026 · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2025.106909T.4
  4. 2026Interprofessional education in healthcare settings: are healthcare professionals translating learning into practice? An integrated mixed methods systematic reviewRebecca Field · Journal of Interprofessional Care, 2026 · doi:10.1080/13561820.2025.2609086T.4
  5. 2026Interventions to prevent and reduce coercive measures in psychiatric and residential care for youth: a mixed-methods systematic reviewAstrid Moell · The Lancet Psychiatry, 2026 · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(26)00056-8M.3
  6. 2026Training interval, feedback, and retention in cardiopulmonary resuscitation education: a systematic reviewHyeon-Ji Lee · BMC Medical Education, 2026 · doi:10.1186/s12909-026-09538-4T.4
  7. 2026Workplace‐based assessments: common pitfalls and mitigating strategiesIsaac K. S. Ng · Internal Medicine Journal, 2026 · doi:10.1111/imj.70398T.5
  8. 2025Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve Coping and Resilience of Frontline Mental Healthcare Professionals Towards Workplace Violence on Psychiatric Wards—A Systematic ReviewPaul Doedens · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 2025 · doi:10.1111/inm.70016W.7
  9. 2025Examining the joint and unique contributions of contour integration and visuospatial memory to altered eye gaze perception in schizophreniaLaura R. Locarno · Schizophrenia Research, 2025 · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2025.03.0221.4
  10. 2025Perception of Medical and Nursing Students Plus Clinical Instructors Towards Objective Structured Clinical Examination: A Case Study of Five Health Training Institutions in Sub-Saharan AfricaRonald Kibuuka · Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 2025 · doi:10.2147/amep.s520065T.5
  11. 2025Systematic review of risk factors for violence in psychosis: 10-year updateTyra Lagerberg · The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2025 · doi:10.1192/bjp.2024.1201.3
  12. 2025The Effectiveness of Workplace Violence Prevention Education Training Programs on Healthcare Professionals’ Confidence: A Systematic Review and Meta‐AnalysisYi‐Fei Chung · International Nursing Review, 2025 · doi:10.1111/inr.70107T.1
  13. 2025Using the Brøset Violence Checklist Beyond Behavioral Health and the ED: A Mixed-Methods StudyKathleen Russell-Babin · AJN, American Journal of Nursing, 2025 · doi:10.1097/ajn.00000000000001481.3
  14. 2024De-escalating aggression in acute inpatient mental health settings: a behaviour change theory-informed, secondary qualitative analysis of staff and patient perspectivesOwen Price · BMC Psychiatry, 2024 · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05920-y1.4
  15. 2024Debriefing Methods for Simulation in HealthcareJonathan P. Duff · Simulation in Healthcare, 2024 · doi:10.1097/sih.0000000000000765T.5
  16. 2024Development and evaluation of a de-escalation training intervention in adult acute and forensic units: the EDITION systematic review and feasibility trialOwen Price · Health Technology Assessment, 2024 · doi:10.3310/fggw6874M.3
  17. 2024Framing our Expectations: Variability in Entrustable Professional Activity AssessmentsMaggie E. Jones-Carr · Journal of Surgical Education, 2024 · doi:10.1016/j.jsurg.2024.07.025T.5
  18. 2024Metformin for the Prevention of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Guideline Development and Consensus ValidationAoife Carolan · Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2024 · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbae2052.3
  19. 2024Methodological Issues in Measuring Restrictive Care Practices (Mechanical/physical restraint, Chemical restraint and Seclusion) in Adult Mental Health Inpatient Units: A Systematic Review of Recent LiteratureZelalem Belayneh · Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2024 · doi:10.1111/jocn.17588M.3
  20. 2024Models and frameworks for assessing the implementation of clinical practice guidelines: a systematic reviewNicole Freitas de Mello · Implementation Science, 2024 · doi:10.1186/s13012-024-01389-1M.2
  21. 2024Moral distress among acute mental health nurses: A systematic reviewLamoureux · Nursing Ethics, 2024 · doi:10.1177/096973302412383373.2
  22. 2024Nurses' Workplace Violence Reporting Behaviours and Reasons for Not Formally Reporting: A Cross‐Sectional Secondary AnalysisJenny Lee · Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2024 · doi:10.1111/jocn.17639W.7
  23. 2024Physicians' lifelong learning journeys: A narrative analysis of continuing professional development strugglesLouise M. Allen · Medical Education, 2024 · doi:10.1111/medu.15375T.5
  24. 2024Prevalence and variability of restrictive care practice use (physical restraint, seclusion and chemical restraint) in adult mental health inpatient settings: A systematic review and meta-analysisZelalem Belayneh · Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2024 · doi:10.1111/jocn.170413.4
  25. 2024Protocols to reduce seclusion in inpatient mental health unitsMcKenzie Quinn · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 2024 · doi:10.1111/inm.13277M.3W.2
  26. 2024Psychological and psychosocial interventions for treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysisNurul Husna Salahuddin · The Lancet Psychiatry, 2024 · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00136-6T.2
  27. 2024Simulation-based education for teaching aggression management skills to healthcare providers in acute healthcare settings: A systematic reviewMarijke Mitchell · International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2024 · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.1048423.4T.1
  28. 2024Supporting best practice in reflexive thematic analysis reporting in Palliative Medicine: A review of published research and introduction to the Reflexive Thematic Analysis Reporting Guidelines (RTARG)Virginia Braun · Palliative Medicine, 2024 · doi:10.1177/02692163241234800M.4
  29. 2024The impact of simulation-based training in medical education: A reviewChukwuka Elendu · Medicine, 2024 · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000038813M.6
  30. 2023Effects of metacognitive training (MCT) on social cognition for schizophrenia spectrum and related psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysisAdèle Hotte-Meunier · Psychological Medicine, 2023 · doi:10.1017/s0033291723002611M.1
  31. 2023Evidence-based consensus guidelines for the management of catatonia: Recommendations from the British Association for PsychopharmacologyJonathan Rogers · Journal of Psychopharmacology, 2023 · doi:10.1177/026988112311582323.1
  32. 2023Faculty Perceptions of Frame of Reference Training to Improve Workplace-Based AssessmentJennifer R. Kogan · Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 2023 · doi:10.4300/jgme-d-22-00287.1T.5
  33. 2023Influence of provider openness and leadership behaviors on adherence to motivational interviewing training implementation strategies: Considerations for evidence-based practice deliveryHenna Budhwani · Implementation Research and Practice, 2023 · doi:10.1177/26334895231205888M.2
  34. 2023Is mental health staff training in de-escalation techniques effective in reducing violent incidents in forensic psychiatric settings? – A systematic review of the literatureDaniel Brenig · BMC Psychiatry, 2023 · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04714-y1.4T.1
  35. 2023Methamphetamine Toxicities and Clinical ManagementPhillip O. Coffin · NEJM Evidence, 2023 · doi:10.1056/evidra23001602.5
  36. 2023Pilot outcomes of cognitive processing therapy implementation in military health system outpatient behavioral health clinics.Nancy A. Skopp · Psychological Services, 2023 · doi:10.1037/ser0000611M.2
  37. 2023Preventing Violence against Healthcare Workers in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review of Nonpharmacological InterventionsNatasha Mundey · Journal of Nursing Management, 2023 · doi:10.1155/2023/3239640W.7
  38. 2023Short-term risk assessment in the long term: A scoping review and meta-analysis of the Brøset Violence ChecklistJacob Hvidhjelm · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2023 · doi:10.1111/jpm.129051.3
  39. 2023Systematic Violence Monitoring to Reduce Underreporting and to Better Inform Workplace Violence Prevention Among Health Care Workers: Before-and-After Prospective StudyGiovanni Veronesi · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 2023 · doi:10.2196/47377W.7
  40. 2023The synaptic hypothesis of schizophrenia version III: a master mechanismOliver D. Howes · Molecular Psychiatry, 2023 · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02043-wT.2
  41. 2023Transition to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Following Emergency Department Visits Due to Substance Use With and Without PsychosisDaniel T. Myran · JAMA Psychiatry, 2023 · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.35823.1
  42. 2023Workplace violence against healthcare workers: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysesM.F. Rossi · Public Health, 2023 · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2023.05.021W.2W.4
  43. 2023“Rater training” re-imagined for work-based assessment in medical educationWalter Tavares · Advances in Health Sciences Education, 2023 · doi:10.1007/s10459-023-10237-8T.5
  44. 2022A systematic review comparing caregiver burden and psychological functioning in caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and bipolar disordersGeorge J. Karambelas · BMC Psychiatry, 2022 · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04069-w1.6
  45. 2022Association of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Violence Perpetration in Adults and Adolescents From 15 CountriesDaniel Whiting · JAMA Psychiatry, 2022 · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.37211.1T.2W.2
  46. 2022Association of cannabis potency with mental ill health and addiction: a systematic reviewKat Petrilli · The Lancet Psychiatry, 2022 · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00161-42.53.2
  47. 2022Creating psychological safety in interprofessional simulation for health professional learners: a scoping review of the barriers and enablersKelly Lackie · Journal of Interprofessional Care, 2022 · doi:10.1080/13561820.2022.2052269T.3
  48. 2022Crisis-focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) in acute mental health inpatient settings (the CRISIS study): protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trialLisa Wood · Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 2022 · doi:10.1186/s40814-022-01160-72.2
  49. 2022Effect of Psychiatric Advance Directives Facilitated by Peer Workers on Compulsory Admission Among People With Mental IllnessAurélie Tinland · JAMA Psychiatry, 2022 · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.16273.5
  50. 2022Effectiveness of De-Escalation in Reducing Aggression and Coercion in Acute Psychiatric Units. A Cluster Randomized StudyAndreja Čelofiga · Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2022 · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.8561531.43.2W.4
  51. 2022Effectiveness of speak-up training programs for clinical nurses: A scoping reviewEunhee Lee · International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2022 · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104375T.1
  52. 2022Effects of Aerobic, Resistance, and Combined Exercise Training on Psychiatric Symptom Severity and Related Health Measures in Adults Living With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisShannon S. D. Bredin · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022 · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.7531172.2
  53. 2022Efficacy and acceptability of psychosocial interventions in schizophrenia: systematic overview and quality appraisal of the meta-analytic evidenceMarco Solmi · Molecular Psychiatry, 2022 · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01727-zM.5
  54. 2022Family interventions for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysisAlessandro Rodolico · The Lancet Psychiatry, 2022 · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00437-51.62.13.43.6T.2
  55. 2022Family therapy for persons with schizophrenia: neglected yet importantKurt Hahlweg · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 2022 · doi:10.1007/s00406-022-01393-w1.6
  56. 2022Managing emotions in psychosis: Evaluation of a brief DBT-informed skills group for individuals with psychosis in routine community servicesCaroline Lawlor · British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2022 · doi:10.1111/bjc.123592.2
  57. 2022Mortality in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: Recent Advances in Understanding and ManagementVaios Peritogiannis · Healthcare, 2022 · doi:10.3390/healthcare101223662.3
  58. 2022Neurophysiology in psychosis: The quest for disease biomarkersBaihan Wang · Translational Psychiatry, 2022 · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01860-x1.4
  59. 2022Re-examining mental health crisis intervention: A rapid review comparing outcomes across police, co-responder and non-police modelsNatania Marcus · Health & Social Care in the Community, 2022 · doi:10.1111/hsc.137313.5M.5
  60. 2022SchizophreniaSameer Jauhar · The Lancet, 2022 · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01730-x1.1
  61. 2022Subjective experience and meaning of delusions in psychosis: a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesisRosa Ritunnano · The Lancet Psychiatry, 2022 · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00104-3M.1
  62. 2022The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental healthGraham Thornicroft · The Lancet, 2022 · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01470-22.1M.1
  63. 2022The lived experience of psychosis: a bottom-up review co-written by experts by experience and academicsPaolo Fusar-Poli · World Psychiatry, 2022 · doi:10.1002/wps.20959M.1
  64. 2022The updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research based on user feedbackLaura J. Damschroder · Implementation Science, 2022 · doi:10.1186/s13012-022-01245-03.4M.4M.6
  65. 2022Using the Exploration-Preparation-Implementation-Sustainment (EPIS) Framework to prepare for the implementation of evidence-based practices into adolescent HIV settingsApril Idalski Carcone · AIDS and Behavior, 2022 · doi:10.1007/s10461-022-03735-0M.2
  66. 2021A Systematic Review: Effectiveness of Interventions to De-escalate Workplace Violence against Nurses in Healthcare SettingsRozina Somani · Safety and Health at Work, 2021 · doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2021.04.0043.43.6
  67. 2021Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale Screen Version: initial screening for suicide risk in a psychiatric emergency departmentJohan Bjureberg · Psychological Medicine, 2021 · doi:10.1017/s00332917210007511.3
  68. 2021EPA guidance on treatment of negative symptoms in schizophreniaGalderisi · European Psychiatry, 2021 · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.13T.2
  69. 2021Efficacy and safety of clozapine in psychotic disorders—a systematic quantitative meta-reviewElias Wagner · Translational Psychiatry, 2021 · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01613-22.3
  70. 2021Evaluation in health professions education—Is measuring outcomes enough?Louise Allen · Medical Education, 2021 · doi:10.1111/medu.14654M.4
  71. 2021Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice: The Debriefing ProcessSharon Decker · Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 2021 · doi:10.1016/j.ecns.2021.08.011T.3
  72. 2021Healthcare Simulation Standards of Best Practice: Simulation DesignPenni Watts · Clinical Simulation in Nursing, 2021 · doi:10.1016/j.ecns.2021.08.009T.3
  73. 2021How does attachment style affect psychosis? A systematic review of causal mechanisms and guide to future inquiryOlivia Partridge · Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 2021 · doi:10.1111/papt.123712.5
  74. 2021Interventions for Workplace Violence Prevention in Emergency Departments: A Systematic ReviewTanja Wirth · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021 · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168459W.2
  75. 2021Perturbations in Gut Microbiota Composition in Psychiatric DisordersViktoriya L. Nikolova · JAMA Psychiatry, 2021 · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.25731.1
  76. 2021Preventing the onset of post traumatic stress disorderJonathan I. Bisson · Clinical Psychology Review, 2021 · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102004W.6
  77. 2021Psychological First Aid Training: A Scoping Review of Its Application, Outcomes and ImplementationLing Wang · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021 · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094594W.6
  78. 2021Psychosocial and psychological interventions for relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysisIrene Bighelli · The Lancet Psychiatry, 2021 · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00243-12.13.4
  79. 2021Safety planning-type interventions for suicide prevention: meta-analysisChani Nuij · The British Journal of Psychiatry, 2021 · doi:10.1192/bjp.2021.501.3
  80. 2021Substance-Induced Psychoses: An Updated Literature ReviewA. Fiorentini · Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2021 · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.6948632.5
  81. 2021Workplace violence and risk factors for PTSD among psychiatric nurses: Systematic review and directions for future research and practiceN. Zoe Hilton · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2021 · doi:10.1111/jpm.12781W.6
  82. 2021Workplace violence in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysisBandar Aljohani · Public Health, 2021 · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.009W.4
  83. 2021Beyond workplace violence: Direct and vicarious trauma among psychiatric hospital workers. A qualitative studyElke Ham et al. · Journal of Nursing Management, 2021 · doi:10.1111/jonm.134201.52.5W.5W.6
  84. 2020Understanding Identity Changes in Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Narrative SynthesisMaev Conneely et al. · Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2020 · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbaa1242.12.22.32.42.53.4
  85. 2020Pathways to aggression and violence in psychosis without longstanding antisocial behavior: A review and proposed psychosocial model for integrative clinical interventionsShane W. Adams & Philip T. Yanos · Psychiatry Research, 2020 · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.1134271.12.22.3M.1W.1W.4
  86. 2019Transition of Substance-Induced, Brief, and Atypical Psychoses to Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisBenjamin Murrie et al. · Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2019 · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz1021.22.53.1
  87. 2019Evolving Public Views On The Likelihood Of Violence From People With Mental Illness: Stigma And Its ConsequencesBernice A. Pescosolido, Bianca Manago & John Monahan · Health Affairs, 2019 · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2019.007021.12.12.4
  88. 2018Psychiatric ward design can reduce aggressive behaviorRoger S. Ulrich et al. · Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2018 · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2018.05.0023.3
  89. 2018Deaths of people with mental illness during interactions with law enforcementAmam Z. Saleh et al. · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 2018 · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.03.0033.33.5
  90. 2017The crisis intervention team (CIT) model: An evidence‐based policing practice?Amy C. Watson, Michael T. Compton & Jeffrey N. Draine · Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2017 · doi:10.1002/bsl.23043.33.53.6
  91. 2017Evaluation of seclusion and restraint reduction programs in mental health: A systematic reviewMarie-Hélène Goulet, Caroline Larue & Alexandre Dumais · Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2017 · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2017.01.0193.33.43.6
  92. 2017Rethinking Thought DisorderMara Hart & Richard R. J. Lewine · Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2017 · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx003M.1
  93. 2016Physical injury and workplace assault in UK mental health trusts: An analysis of formal reportsLaoise Renwick et al. · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 2016 · doi:10.1111/inm.122013.3
  94. 2015Learning and performance outcomes of mental health staff training in de-escalation techniques for the management of violence and aggressionOwen Price et al. · British Journal of Psychiatry, 2015 · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.1445763.43.6
  95. 2014Safewards: a new model of conflict and containment on psychiatric wardsL. Bowers · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2014 · doi:10.1111/jpm.121293.23.3
  96. 2014The Police-Based Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Model: I. Effects on Officers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and SkillsMichael T. Compton et al. · Psychiatric Services, 2014 · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.2013001073.33.53.6
  97. 2014Consumer and Family Psychoeducation: Assessing the EvidenceD. Russell Lyman et al. · Psychiatric Services, 2014 · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.2013002663.43.6
  98. 2014The Epidemiology and Associated Phenomenology of Formal Thought Disorder: A Systematic ReviewEric Roche et al. · Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2014 · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu129M.1
  99. 2014A rating scale for the assessment of objective and subjective formal Thought and Language Disorder (TALD)Tilo Kircher et al. · Schizophrenia Research, 2014 · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.024M.1
  100. 2013Stressed Spaces: Mental Health and ArchitectureKathleen Connellan et al. · HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 2013 · doi:10.1177/1937586713006004083.3
  101. 2013Group critical incident stress debriefing with emergency services personnel: a randomized controlled trialMichelle R. Tuckey & Jill E. Scott · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 2013 · doi:10.1080/10615806.2013.8094213.3
  102. 2013Combat-Related Killing: Expanding Evidence-Based Treatments for PTSDShira Maguen & Kristine Burkman · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 2013 · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.05.0033.3
  103. 2013Human factors and ergonomics as a patient safety practicePascale Carayon, Anping Xie & Sarah Kianfar · BMJ Quality & Safety, 2013 · doi:10.1136/bmjqs-2013-0018123.33.43.6
  104. 2013Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Reducing Seclusion and Restraint in Secured Care of Men With SchizophreniaAnu Putkonen et al. · Psychiatric Services, 2013 · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.2012003933.43.6
  105. 2012Deaths Due to Physical RestraintAndrea M. Berzlanovich, Jutta Schöpfer & Wolfgang Keil · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international, 2012 · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2012.00273.23.33.4
  106. 2012The Crisis Intervention Team Model of Police Response to Mental Health CrisesAmy C. Watson & Anjali J. Fulambarker · Best Practices in Mental Health, 2012 · doi:10.70256/741919sjsqrrW.1W.4W.5
  107. 2011Effectiveness of Six Core Strategies Based on Trauma Informed Care in Reducing Seclusions and Restraints at a Child and Adolescent Psychiatric HospitalMuhammad Waqar Azeem et al. · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 2011 · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00262.x3.43.6
  108. 2011Mechanical Restraint-Which Interventions Prevent Episodes of Mechanical Restraint?-A Systematic ReviewJesper Bak et al. · Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 2011 · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6163.2011.00307.x3.43.6
  109. 2010Perspectives on the experience of being physically restrained: An integrative review of the qualitative literatureTania D. Strout · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 2010 · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0349.2010.00694.x3.3
  110. 2009Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategyBrett T. Litz et al. · Clinical Psychology Review, 2009 · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.0033.23.3
  111. 2009Schizophrenia and Violence: Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisSeena Fazel et al. · PLoS Medicine, 2009 · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.10001202.2W.1W.2W.5
  112. 2009Interventions To Reduce the Use of Seclusion and Restraint in Inpatient Psychiatric Settings: What We Know So Far a Review of the LiteratureJustin Newton Scanlan · International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 2009 · doi:10.1177/00207640091066303.43.6
  113. 2007Expressed emotion and burnout: the experience of staff caring for men with learning disability and psychosis in a medium secure settingA. M. DENNIS & C. LEACH · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2007 · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01073.xW.1W.6W.7
  114. 2005Special Section on Seclusion and Restraint: Patients' Reports of Traumatic or Harmful Experiences Within the Psychiatric SettingB. Christopher Frueh et al. · Psychiatric Services, 2005 · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.56.9.11233.23.3
  115. 2005Special Section on Seclusion and Restraint: The Economic Cost of Using Restraint and the Value Added by Restraint Reduction or EliminationJanice LeBel & Robert Goldstein · Psychiatric Services, 2005 · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.56.9.11093.43.6
  116. 2005The Serotonin SyndromeEdward W. Boyer & Michael Shannon · New England Journal of Medicine, 2005 · doi:10.1056/nejmra0418672.33.1
  117. 2004Reducing Seclusion & Restraint Use in Mental Health Settings: Core Strategies for PreventionKevin Ann Huckshorn · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 2004 · doi:10.3928/02793695-20040901-053.43.6
  118. 2003Adverse Effects Associated with Physical RestraintWanda K Mohr, Theodore A Petti & Brian D Mohr · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 2003 · doi:10.1177/0706743703048005093.23.3
  119. 2003The Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria: simple and accurate diagnostic decision rules for serotonin toxicityE.J.C. Dunkley et al. · QJM, 2003 · doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcg1092.3
  120. 2002Single session debriefing after psychological trauma: a meta-analysisArnold AP van Emmerik et al. · The Lancet, 2002 · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09897-53.3
  121. 2002Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Suzanna C Rose et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2002 · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd0005603.3
  122. 2000The Brøset Violence ChecklistROGER ALMVIK, PHIL WOODS & KIRSTEN RASMUSSEN · Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2000 · doi:10.1177/0886260000150120032.4M.4T.2T.5
  123. 1995The Formation of False MemoriesElizabeth F Loftus & Jacqueline E Pickrell · Psychiatric Annals, 1995 · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-19951201-073.3
  124. 1990Human ErrorJames Reason · Cambridge University Press, 1990 · doi:10.1017/cbo97811390623673.3
  125. 1986The Explanatory and Predictive Scope of Self-Efficacy TheoryAlbert Bandura · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1986 · doi:10.1521/jscp.1986.4.3.3592.12.22.32.42.53.1
  126. 1979Thought, Language, and Communication DisordersNancy C. Andreasen · Archives of General Psychiatry, 1979 · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780120045006M.1

This is the verified subset, and saying so matters. The wider curriculum carries roughly 305 unique author-year pairs across about 1,438 in-text citations, accumulated over the doctoral work and the buildout. That wider list is a machine extraction rather than a curated bibliography — it contains parser artifacts and organisational authors that have not been normalised — so publishing it raw would misrepresent its quality in the other direction. What is published here is the portion that has been individually attributed and independently verified. The complete works-cited is available on request.

What this proves and what it does not. A verified citation base establishes that the curriculum is grounded and current. It says nothing about outcomes. PSP™ has no published outcome data and makes no claim about incident rates, injuries, restraint use or cost.

Sources are listed as registered with Crossref. Where a record differs from what appears here, the registered record governs. This page describes curriculum sourcing; it is not clinical advice and not a legal opinion.

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